Ivy League Rankings What Do They Really Mean

Ivy League Rankings What Do They Really Mean SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Ivy League schools are frequently seen as the highest quality level of universities in the US and around the world. While the vast majority realize that all Ivy League schools are acceptable, which are the best Ivy League schools? Presently you can discover with my selective 2019 Ivy League rankings. Get energized! In this article, I'll rank the Ivy League schools. Besides, I'll portray what makes the Ivy League one of a kind, disclose how to discover the Ivy League school that is directly for you, and offer you guidance on the most proficient method to choose whether you should seek after an Ivy League instruction. What Is the Ivy League? The Ivy League is the term used to allude to the eight schools that make up the Ivy League athletic meeting. The following is the finished Ivy League schools list in sequential order request: Earthy colored University Columbia University Cornell University Dartmouth College Harvard University Princeton University College of Pennsylvania Yale University Ivy League schools are for the most part very specific private universities in the Northeast. Likewise, the Ivy League is the onlyNCAA Division I athletic meeting that doesn’t grant athletic grants. The term Ivy League has gotten interchangeable with very esteemed, exceptionally particular universities. Therefore, numerous individuals mistakenly name different renowned private universities, for example, MIT and Stanford, as Ivy League schools. Stanford's Memorial Church is amazing, however Stanford isn't in the Ivy League. (Justin Kern/Flickr) How I Ranked the Ivy League Colleges It’s hard to rank the Ivy League universities against each other on the grounds that they’re all exceptional schools.There's actually no agreement about which Ivy League school is the best, and each positioning rundown appears to rank the Ivies in an unexpected way. To decide my Ivy League rankings, I took a gander at the positioning records onUS News, Forbes, and Niche. Each rundown varied from the others, so thoughthere’s no accord about how to rank Ivy League schools, there is general understanding that all Ivy League schools are among the best universities in the country.I arrived at the midpoint of these three rankings however checked the US News rankings twice, since this rundown isthe generally lofty and most normally refered to of all school positioning records. For a progressively exhaustive breakdown of the philosophies used to decide how schools are positioned for each rundown, look at my article on all the school positioning records you should peruse. I think these three records supplement each other well since they stress various parts of universities that add to generally school quality. Of these lists,US Newsmost firmly underscores the scholarly notorieties of schools. The scholastic notoriety of a school iswhat training specialists think about the scholastics at a specific school. US News gives a friend appraisal study to college presidents, executives, and senior members of admissions to help rate scholarly quality. It likewise studies secondary school instructors over the US. The Forbes list most vigorously accentuates understudy results, considering inalumni pay rates, the measure of obligation understudies have after graduating, understudy advance default rate, and even esteemed proficient achievements from graduated class, for example, winning an Oscar or Nobel Prize. At long last, the Niche list most intensely underscores personal satisfaction. While Niche likewise consolidates scholastic notoriety and estimations of understudy results into its rankings, in contrast to the next two records, Niche considers the nature of grounds lodging, sports, innovation, the gathering scene, and decent variety. Need to get into Harvard, Princeton, or your own top decision school? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best confirmations counseling administration. We consolidate world-class affirmations advisors with our information driven, exclusive confirmations systems. We've managed a large number of understudies get into their top decision schools, from state universities to the Ivy League. Become familiar with PrepScholar Admissions to expand your opportunity of getting in. Here come the rankings! Yippee! (Antoine Butler/Flickr) Ivy League Schools, Ranked (2019) Here are my 2019 rankings of the Ivy League schools. I made a table with each school's positioning, area, and undergrad enrollment.The normal positioning depends on tallying the school's US News positioning twice.You can tap on each school's connect to see the normal secondary school GPA of conceded candidates, its state sanctioned grades, and its acknowledgment rate. Note thatUS News isolates schools into four categories(National Universities, National Liberal Arts Colleges, Regional Universities, and Regional Colleges) for its positioning records. All the Ivy League schools are viewed as National Universities,so each school's positioning is being contrasted and those of every other school in the National Universities class. School Area Student Enrollment US News Ranking Forbes Ranking Specialty Ranking Normal Ranking* Harvard University Cambridge, MA 6,766 2 1 3 2 Princeton University Princeton, NJ 5,394 1 5 5 3 Yale University New Haven, CT 5,746 3 2 4 3 Columbia University New York, NY 6,162 3 15 7 7 College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 10,033 8 7 6 7.25 Earthy colored University Fortune, RI 6,988 14 8 9 11.25 Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 4,410 12 9 19 13 Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14,907 16 13 21 16.5 *As an update, the US News positioning for each school is tallied twice because of the conspicuousness of the US News positioning rundown. What Can You Determine From These Ivy League Rankings? As you likely know, Ivy League schools have incredibly great reputations.All Ivies are positioned in the best 16 National Universities by US News.In terms of numerical rankings, there isn't a lot of differentiation among Ivy League schools, however there are some eminent contrasts. In most Ivy League rankings, Princeton, Harvard, and Yale are at the top.They're the topIvy League schools and a portion of the very bestcolleges in the US. They're similar to top-level non-Ivy League schools, for example, Stanford and MIT.There's most likely some discussion about which schools make the following level out of Ivy League schools, at the same time, in view of my rankings, I would put Columbia, Penn, and Brown in the second tier.Their scholastic notorieties aren't exactly as set up as those of the principal level schools, and in general they're somewhat less specific. Similar non-Ivy League schools incorporate Duke and Caltech. The finaltier of Ivy League schools would be Dartmouth and Cornell.Cornell has the most noteworthy acknowledgment pace of all Ivy League organizations (yet it still just concedes 13% of its candidates). Non-Ivy League schools that are practically identical to Dartmouth and Cornell as far as quality incorporate Northwestern and Vanderbilt. Recollect that rankings are emotional, yet they can uncover how universities are seen by businesses, graduate schools, and the general public.Even however Harvard and Cornell are both fantastically esteemed schools where you can get a world-class instruction and become some portion of an effective graduated class arrange, the general accord is that Harvard is the better school. Matt Damon went to Harvard, however he left somewhat ahead of schedule to do the acting thing. The most effective method to Decide Which Ivy League School Is Right for You A large number of the Ivy League schools are very comparative. They’re tuition based schools of comparable sizes with brilliant scholarly notorieties. Also, they are completely situated in a similar area of the US, they all have huge gifts, and they all will in general offer liberal money related guide. On the off chance that you’re keen on going to an Ivy, you’ll need to do broad examination to figure out which Ivy League school is directly for you.You can utilize school discoverers, search sites, manuals, and other positioning records to attempt to locate the best Ivy for you. Here are four components to remember as you research the Ivy League: #1: Setting Perhaps the greatest distinction between Ivy League schools is their settings.Figure out whether you need to go to class in a urban, rural, or ruralarea.The urban Ivy League schools incorporate Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Brown, and the University of Pennsylvania. Nonetheless, they’re all in urban areas of altogether different sorts and sizes. As far as urban conditions, Columbia is in New York City-the most thickly populated city in the US-while UPenn is arranged in Philadelphia, another huge city. Conversely, Brown is in the little city of Providence, Rhode Island, offering a substantially more curbed condition. Additionally, Harvard is in a school town called Cambridge, which is found only outside of Boston. What's more, Yale is situated in New Haven, Connecticut, which has a populace of only 130,000 contrasted and the generally 8.4 million individuals in NYC. Princeton is the main Ivy League school in a rural setting.It's progressively independent and the encompassing territory is calmer than those of different Ivies. Normally, there are far less diversion alternatives and social attractions than you would discover in a huge city (however more than you'd find in a rustic territory). Princeton is just an hour from Philadelphia and 90 minutes from NYC. Cornell and Dartmouth offer understudies a country environment,where understudies are encircled naturally and there's hardly any going on in the town inconsequential to the school. Rustic universities will in general give to a greater extent a network air, however there are normally less occupations and entry level positions in the region. An understudy who'd truly appreciate being in the urban condition of Columbia probably won't appreciate the provincial setting of Dartmouth, and the other way around. Make certain to contemplate which sort of setting you'd feel generally great in. #2: Academic Programs, Majors, and Requirements While all Ivy League schools are solid in the humanities, sociologies, and STEM, each offers various projects, general training prerequisites, majors, and fixations. For exampl

Using Annie Dillards Healing Vision Samples Essay As a Guide

Using Annie Dillard's Healing Vision Samples Essay As a GuideThe Annie Dillard's Healing Vision Essay is an essay. It is not an essay that can be used to earn college credit. In fact, it is not an essay that should be used as a basis for a writing assignment. It is recommended that you be able to make your own choices about how you will use the essay as a guide.Your guidance counselor will be able to help you determine the best ways to use the essay. You will be given an outline of the essay and allowed to make choices about how you want to use it. There are even some sample essays included with this book that will give you a glimpse into how to go about making your own decisions.Each chapter in the Annie Dillard's Healing Vision Essay offers a different approach to answering the question, 'What is the Word?' Some chapters offer direct guidance on subjects such as writing out loud and being brave. Some chapters discuss what to say at the end of a call. And some chapters include essay s and worksheets that will provide you with guidance as you prepare to write your own essays. These are very helpful materials.Your guidance counselor will help you decide whether this type of book is right for you or not. She can answer questions like, what information is provided in this book, what you are to do with the book and how to use it. She can also help you figure out whether it is right for your needs and wants and what you need to consider when choosing it.She can help you choose a word for your essays, she can help you figure out whether it is right for your coursework, and she can help you decide whether or not it is right for your personal situation. For example, if you have chosen 'voice' asyour word, she can also help you figure out what 'voice' means to you, or help you determine which kinds of voice you would like to have.The process is similar to an essay in many ways. You use the outline as a guide, you will write your essay in steps, and you will make choices about how you will use the outlines. You are allowed to use the first chapter as a sample for this book. You are also allowed to use the worksheets in this book as a model for your essay.The guiding counselor can help you figure out what kind of essay is right for you. She can help you decide what kind of essay will work best for your class and what kind of essay will work best for your personal situation. She can also help you decide whether or not you need to be guided by a mentor in order to get through the process of figuring out what is right for you.She can also help you find your own Spirit, because every person has a Spirit. Each Spirit is different, but they are all based on the same foundation. Your Spirit is the guide you need to take you through the journey of life.

Lufthansa Strategy Analysis

Lufthansa Strategy Analysis Lufthansa is one of the head aircrafts of the world and one of the biggest in Europe, as far as the quantity of travelers conveyed by it. The banner transporter of Germany gets its name from Luft (the German word for air) and Hansa (the Hanseatic Trade Organization that was dynamic in Northern Europe, during the medieval period). Headquartered in Cologne, the significant center of the aircraft is situated at Frankfurt Airport, in Frankfurt am Main. The carrier brags of having the third biggest traveler aircraft armada on the planet and comprises of current airplanes. The aircraft is an establishing individual from Star Alliance, one of the main carriers unions on the planet. Look at the article to find out about the profile and history of Lufthansa aircrafts. The liberally estimated and agreeable seats, the broad scope of amusement: with the Lufthansa Product Showroom you would now be able to become more acquainted with the advantages of our Economy Class on long stretch trips in more detail even before your flight. Take a virtual excursion through our proposal from booking, to our administrations at the air terminal and ready, directly through to your landing in our Frankfurt center point Agreeable seats Onã‚â short and medium-pull routesã‚â youll appreciate a lot of room. In Economy Class, as well, the thin development of the seat backs gives more noteworthy extra space to move around, making it simpler for you to extend your legs. Onã‚â long-pull routesã‚â a seat pad width of more than 40 cm, just as the exclusively customizable headrests on each seat, guarantee your solace. At the point when you tilt your seat back, the seat is raised, giving you ideal help Shifted amusement On long stretch flights, just as perusing our in-flight magazine you can make the most of our broad In-flight Entertainment Program during the flight.ã‚â Dinners Drinks We offer you menus that suit your flight time and goal. The dinners are adjusted by a wide choice of complimentary drinks.ã‚â On chose courses we will likewise serve you a film nibble during the In-flight Entertainment. Your in-flight diversion program in First and Business Class First and Business Class travelers appreciate a far reaching diversion program with the all-inclusive Lufthansa Media World. The four classes: Watch Enjoy, Listen Relax, StudyPlay and Fly Lufthansaã‚â can be exclusively downloaded onto the screen at each seat: 65 video choices with 30 film films in up to eight dialects, 25 TV projects and 10 music magazines from everywhere throughout the world, 100 CDs, an assortment of book recordings, 30 radio projects with various global channels, rounds of aptitude, activity games and load up and methodology games just as language courses are promptly accessible. In Business and First Class each traveler likewise gets the month to month Lufthansa media world program posting. Showcasing challenges emerge on account of the uniqueness Wellbeing Cost Neatness Cost Goal Techniques are received by your picked organization to manage those difficulties They are advancing an ever increasing number of creative techniques to safeguard wellbeing exceptional With respect to they are attempting to remove their net revenue and chipping away at low overall revenue They are giving it with the best and compelling way that will prosper brain of client with neatness in all viewpoints As indicated by value they ought to consider their image name and they will keep up value as indicated by that which won't influence their image picture Their run in just bustling worldwide courses How do advertisers of your picked administration organization manage the interest and gracefully? Jumble? During the hour of downturn the faces issue however as they are a major foundation they came out that and they astutely meet the required and needs by executing such a large number of inventive thoughts The administration item blend of your picked organization They focus on just a single item blend What are its product offerings? They just spotlight on one product offering since they just have one product offering Its administration brands They have just one brand its called Lufthansa they are focus on aircrafts Its estimating methodology They gave concession for normal travel and gave different limits to them and gave alluring proposal for them and they execute a more prominent path process out these estimating procedure The administration item appropriated Magazines Video ad TV advertisements Web The objective section for the administration items Manley centered Business class people groups The individuals who need extravagant travel understanding who favor increasingly more solace The administration items situated Deutsche Lufthansa AG is a flight organization with activities around the world. The Group works in five business portions, which give versatility and administrations to aircrafts. The business sections Passenger Airline Group, Logistics, MRO, IT Services and Catering each hold driving situations in their business sectors. What's more, the Lufthansa Group incorporates more than 400 auxiliaries and related organizations. The vital business sections Passenger Airline Group and Logistics give versatility to travelers and cargo. The aircrafts in the Lufthansa Group are situated as quality transporters in their separate sections. So as to fortify Lufthansas position even more, new accomplices from the European home market were added to the Group. Lufthansa Cargo is likewise a market chief in universal airfreight. It offers a worldwide system, most brief vehicle times and top notch principles in many, regularly profoundly particular, item territories. Companys Marketing Communication Mix We ensure high caliber of our items and expert counseling administrations. Ordinary trainings of our staff guarantee moment execution of advancements and point by point information on the item. We give association and set up every fundamental segment of your movement. The job of People in your picked organization They are the genuine lord of these carriers in light of the fact that for the most part it is a costly aircraft without individuals they can work it out so individuals assumes a significant job in the fields of these .They make it increasingly more well known if there should be an occurrence of each factor which support these . Procedure which associated with the administration creation They incline toward great association with clients Great method for treating travelers They realize how handle business class traveler They are well aptitude in taking care of administrations in a legitimate way There method for inviting is increasingly appealing and mind bloging They acquaint numerous new belief system with make administration all the more better and effective Physical Evidence is utilized by the organization to make up for the intangibilityâ of the administration To guarantee that travelers who are not German speakers and who are boarding or moving at Frankfurt or Munich, can generally discover their way around the air terminal rapidly, Lufthansa offers the Lufthansa Guide Service just as the Lufthansa Family Service, which is intended to address the issues of families voyaging together. Lufthansa Guide Service: we communicate in your language Lufthansa offers a Guide Service to universal travelers, business explorers, gatherings and travelers who may, for instance, need assistance finding their way to a corresponding flight at the air terminal or who might want an elite traveler chaperone administration. They will be met by a unique Lufthansa control straightforwardly at their entryway or at another meeting point and went with to their goal for instance, to a corresponding flight, train, inn, transport or to the air terminal parlor. Lufthansa aides will consistently be available to respond to your inquiries and in excess of 50 dialects. A charge is made for the Lufthansa Guide Service. Lufthansa Family Service: loosened up movement with the entire family Lufthansa Family ServiceThe Lufthansa guides from the Lufthansa Family Service guarantee a casual beginning to a vacation by helping families, who are boarding or moving at Frankfurt or Munich, to discover their way around the airport.ã‚â Guardians voyaging alone with youngsters, specifically, locate this an enormous assistance. For instance, the aides take them to registration, where they clarify the security guidelines, go with them to their entryway and, on arriving, to things recover, yet in addition to eateries, inns or vehicle rental companies.ã‚â The Lufthansa Family Service is additionally glad to help more seasoned individuals from the family. In the event that the traveler can just walk gradually, the aides check the time expected to change flights or whenever required, go with the old individual to the scientific expert or to a seat.ã‚â The Lufthansa Family Guides are available with assistance and exhortation in excess of 50 dialects, making this administration over every one of the an accommodating help to families from abroad World debut at ITB: In-flight diversion by means of Wi-Fi On-board diversion is a significant piece of an aircrafts administration for sightseers and business voyagers the same. At the ITB, Lufthansa Systems presents, its cost-proficient new in-flight amusement (IFE) framework which opens up another universe of chances for on-board correspondence. Condor will be the principal carrier to introduce on its Boeing 767 airplane. The inventive infotainment framework depends on a Wi-Fi arrange which travelers can sign on to through seat-back screens or their own workstations, tablet PCs, advanced cells or other Wi-Fi-empowered gadgets to get to a wide scope of video and sound on request, games and other substance. Additionally makes it workable for aircrafts to offer new types of client correspondence, data and administrations. New administrations can produce extra incomes for aircrafts, and carriers can likewise modify their contact with every traveler. In-flight diversion is a significant piece of the movement experience and an approach to stand apart from the opposition, especially in the travel industry; said Rainer Krã ¶pke, Head of Project Management and Marketing at Condor GmbH. opens up altogether additional opportunities for us. What's more, the framework costs significantly less to introduce and work than different arrangements. Dissimilar to regular IFE frameworks, Board Connect does

The Ideas Of Reading And Writing - 1430 Words

The ideas of reading and writing seem intertwined, in order to do one of them you must be able to do the other. Which, makes both equally as powerful as the other in language and literature. Most authors who talk about the ideology of reading and writing compose their works mainly based off of outside sources, mainly. However, author/comic writer Alison Bechdel composes a story about writing the story and the troubles and hardships she encountered while writing. This oddly more intricate story though offers a deeper look into Bechdel’s personal life in which she explains her own thoughts as an omnipotent narrator. As the narrator of her own story – showing the character’s (herself) actual thoughts apart from dialogue – Bechdel introduces†¦show more content†¦She accidentally blocked the easy way of confronting her about the memoir she’s writing about her father. So now she’s left with the only choice of climbing through a tiny window filled with dirt, cobwebs and spiders. As the dream continues though she realizes there’s a large door behind her which leads to a body of water with stepping stones. She’s found what seems like an easier way out that even lays out the path for her. When she steps on the first rock, instead of being safe, she falls into the water. This symbolizing that there’s no real path to confronting her mother, she has to just dive into talking to her mother about what seems to be a touchy situation. So, dive in she did. Now instead of a basement, Bechdel is in her car when traffic starts to appear while she’s reciting what she wants to say to her mother. In the comic there are road work signs and shoulder closing which symbolize the bumpy path she’s about to encounter and how the road as she goes along it only gets narrower and more dangerous. This is when the story she writes of her father begins but she soon realizes she cannot â€Å"live and write at the same time.† She holds a close encounter with death from a Stroehmann Sunbeam Bread truck – the same kind of truck her father jumped in front of in the attempt and success of suicide. When confronting her mother about the memoir on her father, Bechdel was still writing about

A Christian Same Sex Marriage - 2087 Words

As a Christian same sex marriage is not a challenging subject to discuss from a biblical perspective. I accept as true what the bible said; that marriage is for a man and a woman and not anything else besides that. With that said, same sex marriage became an arduous topic to discuss once I put my Christian principles aside. For now I have to ignore what I believe and look at the situation from a third person, impartial view. I wanted to challenge myself on the issue of same sex marriage from a non-Christian point of view. The main saying used during a debate on same sex marriage is â€Å"the separation of church and state†. This phrase is a good piece of debate material. It is mainly used to ensure that the state is not governed by the church; that there will be a freedom of religion. One ethical standard may not be suitable for the entire population that makes up a nation. I come from a Christian background. I am a fervent believer in the true and living God and His wor d, which has rules and regulations that shapes us for our own good. Coming from a Christian background, my initial reaction to gay marriage is that it is morally wrong. Consequently, after seeking the logical, instead of theological, side of the debate, I had to put my Christian morals aside, and look at the situation from a third person, unprejudiced standpoint. That opened the door for a debate that surprised many of my church members, family members, and I included. I found that I could not logicallyShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage1068 Words   |  5 Pagesstates allow same sex-marriage, many christians oppose and support it. It is the assumption that christians oppose same-sex marriage. Not all christians oppose same-sex marriage, many support it. The Bible has different forms of marriage. The inaugural version was Adam and Eve. There was polygamy, with or without concubines. 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Adolescent Desires in Where Are You Going, Where Have You...

Connie is like the average American girl who has just hit adolescence. She cant seem to walk past a mirror without examining herself in it first, she is at war with her mother, and thinks about boys round-the-clock. It is a hot summer in the sixties and many teens have little to do so they spend their time out and about at the local shops. The high temperatures send Connie and her friends to do the same. One night while in the street a random man makes a comment towards Connie and she thinks nothing of it. Days later, while alone in her family home the same man shows up at her door. He asks her to join him but she refuses. After a few brash threats she complies and joins the strange man for a ride in his gold car. In the short story, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? by author Joyce Carol Oates the protagonist Connie is conflicted by her desires, adolescent females from all decades can relate to the desires synonymous with adulthood. In the present day many adolescence fall victim when experiencing adolescent desires for attention, some excitement, and the ideas of freedom. When Connie first opens her front door to the familiar stranger it seems innocentÍ ¾ a man pursuing his crush. After a few minutes of chatting Connie realizes that the stranger, named Arnold Friend, is much older than her. Arnold use the fact that she is young to manipulate her, and he â€Å"insinuates himself into her thinking, attempting to persuade her that hes her lover.†. He is trying to beShow MoreRelated Critical Analysis of Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?857 Words   |  4 PagesIn Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? the author, Joyce Carol Oates, essentially asserts that the nuances of ones personality are not generated from within, but rather shaped by external circumstances. This is an argument whose justification is abundantly clear in the inner conflict of Connie, the protagonist of the book. 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Teenagers are especially prone to this be cause their brains are notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel An Ounce Of Cure 911 Words   |  4 PagesIdentified, 1986. Print. â€Å"An Ounce of Cure† depicts the challenges of being a young girl, narrated by an unnamed female perspective, taken place in the 1960’s. The main character’s primary conflicts revolve around the battle of inner emotions and desires to be anything but average. The protagonist, which is the young girl in this story, faces challenges while trying to deal with the ending of an overly intensified relationship. It wasn’t until after she had attempted suicide, and had fallen underRead MoreWhere Are You Going? Where Have You Been?1466 Words   |  6 Pages In 1966, Joyce carol oates wrote a short story called â€Å"Where are you going? Where have you been?†. The story is about a young girl name connie who is very beautiful, and because of this her mother hates her. Connie is a troubled teen who finds herself the center a man, Arnold Friend. He first meets her when she went to a drive in restaurant with her friends. On sunday arnold came to her house an d tried to get her to take a ride with him. As she became scared and tried to get him to go away, heRead MoreWhere Are You Going? Where Have You Been?2044 Words   |  9 Pagesstory â€Å"Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been?† both characters, Connie and Arnold, suffer from having dual identities. Connie is an individual who acts completely different outside her home, where she tries to portray an image of being sexually appealing. However, she is the complete opposite within her home, where she hides her sexuality and acts more like the adolescent she really is. Arnold is a mature man, something Connie is looking for in life and this intrigues her. Both characters have troubleRead MoreI Know You Want It1865 Words   |  8 PagesIsabella Salas-Allende Professor Vines FWS: Short Stories 11/8/15 Blurred Lines I know you want it. I know you want it. I know you what it†¦ My back was pressed against the wall, partly because I couldn’t stand up straight on my own. You re a good girl†¦ The obnoxious music penetrated deep past my ear drum and pumped through me. The stench of sweat and stale foamy beer consumed the air. Blackness engulfed me and all the other one hundred clammy bodies in the room. Their erratic body movements wereRead MoreFailed Mother-Child Relationships in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake2805 Words   |  12 Pagesand taking care of her husband (79). Jimmy quickly realizes thathe must bend to his mother’s moods and learns to find ways of getting her attention.More than anything, he seeks to get any reaction out of her, even if it is negative.Jimmy’s common adolescent attention-getting behavior underscores his mother’sneglectful parenting style, eliciting readers’ sympathy for Jimmy. Jimmy mourns his mother throughout the rest of the novel. At first, his feelingsconfuse him because his mother was not typicallyRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmultiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user

Enuresis Essay Example For Students

Enuresis Essay Enuresis is the medical term used to describe the involuntary discharge of urine beyond the age when a child is old enough to be able to control urination (usually considered to be six years of age for nighttime control), or more commonly, bedwetting. There are several types of enuresis: diurnal enuresis is wetting that occurs during waking hours, primary nocturnal enuresis is a lack of the achievement of total bladder control during sleep, and secondary nocturnal enuresis is loss of bladder control that happens after a child (or adult) has been dry a night for a long period of time (usually three to six months). The facts, causes, and treatments of this disorder can help bring a greater awareness and understanding of enuresis. Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem. It is estimated that there are five to seven million children in the United States who have NE. Many children have no lasting problems from bed-wetting, however, some children who wet the bed can develop psychological pr oblems, including low self-esteem. This disorder also affects family members through anger and frustration because of the condition. One important reminder to parents with children who suffer from this condition is that bed-wetting should not be thought of as a behavioral problem. There is no medical proof to show that children wet the bed to spite their parents. Also, most children will outgrow bed-wetting eventually. As parents, the best way to help your child is to be understanding and remember that punishing or making fun of a child who wets the bed can only make the situation worse. Though as of yet a cause is unknown, some doctors believe that children who wet 22the bed might have small bladders or be such deep sleepers that the urge to urinate does not wake them up. Of course, some research has proven that some children with NE have normal-size bladders and have normal sleep patterns. What is known is that bed-wetting is not a mental problem, a learning problem, or a behavioral problem. Though if a child is punished in any way from the bed-wetting, psychological problems can arise. Recent medical research, however, has found that many children with NE may have a deficiency during sleep of an important hormone known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH helps to concentrate urine during sleep hoursmeaning that the urine contains less water and is therefore of decreased volume. This decreased volume usually means that their bladders do not overfill while they are asleep unless the child has had an excessive quantity of fluids before bed. Testing has shown that many of these children do not show the usual increase in ADH during sleep. Children with enuresis, therefore, often produce more urine during hours of sleep that their bladders can hold. If they do not wake up, the bladder releases the urine and the child wets the bed. There are many successful treatments for bed-wetting. Some doctors recommend bladder control exercises to help stretch and condition your childs bladder and help him or her to become more aware of bladder control as a part of learning to stay dry. These exercises inclu de learning to resist the immediate urge to urinate, in order to increase the bladder size, and stopping urine flow midstream to strengthen bladder muscles. Changing the childs eating and drinking habits throughout the day and at bedtime may also be recommended. Night-lifting is a procedure that involves waking the child periodically 23throughout the night, walking the child to the bathroom to urinate, and then returning the child to bed. The desired effect from this procedure is that the child will learn to awaken and urinate many times during the night. .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d , .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d .postImageUrl , .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d , .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d:hover , .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d:visited , .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d:active { border:0!important; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d:active , .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e89ec7e7a31e0c7464b343ff750948d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oedipus Trilogy EssayMoisture alarms is a treatment that requires a supportive and helpful family and may take many weeks or even several months to work. Moisture alarms have good long-term success and fewer relapses that medications. Alarms usually consist of a clip-on sensor probe that attaches to the outside of bed-clothing. An alarm is set off when the child begins to wet the bed. This alarm should wake the child, who will then go to the bathroom to finish the urination before going back to sleep. If the child does not wake up, the parent should help them to the bathroomHypnosis is another approach to the treatment of bed-wetting that is being used successfully by doct ors. Hypnosis is less expensive, less time-consuming, and less dangerous than most approaches, because it has virtually no side effects. Because hypnosis can give the child the power to treat themselves, this form of therapy can also help build the childs self-confidence and self-esteem as well as help with the bed-wetting. Some medications have also been used for this disorder. Antidepressants, for example, have been used to suppress the urge, but not on a long-term basis. Imipramine has been successful for approximately 30% of children. However, antidepressants are powerful drugs and some can have serious side effects, especially in children. Desmopressin acetate is a man-made form of antidiuretic hormone that works by substituting for the natural hormone. It helps the childs body make less urine, and thus 24lessens the risk that the childs bladder will overflow during sleep. It is usually given in a nasal spray form. Few side effects have been reported but some that have been not ed are headaches, runny nose, pain in the nostrils, and nasal stuffiness. It can also work quickly, some after even the first dosage, but it is recommended for use for three months. It is in some cases not a long-term substitute but restarting the dosage can be prescribed by a doctor. Enuresis is a very serious disorder for young children. It is sometimes seen as the result of too much to drink before bedtime or the result of bad dreams, but is not. Enuresis is a medical problem that, if not properly diagnosed and treated, can have adverse consequences. These include loss of self-esteem for the child and psychological distress for the child and the family. The National Kidney Foundation maintains a physician referral service of physicians nationwide who have indicated an interest in caring for patients with bed-wetting. This referral service can be reached at 1-800-622-9010. Also, the National Enuresis Society can be reached via mail at 7777 Forest Lane Suite C-737, Dallas, TX 75230 -2518. Their foundation is dedicated to building greater understanding of enuresis and can help with any problem relating to child enuresis.

Les Miserables The Musical

Ue o Muite Arukou by Kyuu Sakamoto †Sukiyaki Song

Ue o Muite Arukou by Kyuu Sakamoto – Sukiyaki Song Listening or singing a song is a great way to learn a language. With a melody, it is easier to mimic words and sing along even you dont understand the meaning. Here is a great song called, Ue o Muite Arukou by Kyuu Sakamoto released in 1961. The title, Ue o Muite Arukou translates into, I look up when I walk. However, it is known as Sukiyaki in the United States. The title Sukiyaki was chosen because it is easier to pronounce for Americans, and it is a word that they associate with Japan. Sukiyaki is a kind of Japanese stew and has nothing to do with the song. The song topped the pop charts for three weeks in 1963. It is the only Japanese language song to hit #1 in the US. It sold over 13 million copies internationally. According to recent news, the British singer, Susan Boyle, will be covering the song as a bonus track for the Japanese version of her third album. Tragically, Sakamoto was killed when Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashed in 1985. He was 43 years old. All 15 crew and 505 out of 509 passengers died, for a total of 520 deaths and only 4 survivors. It remains the worst single airline disaster in history. Japanese Lyrics Ue o muite arukou ä ¸Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€˜Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¦ ­ ©Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€ Namida ga koborenai youni æ ¶â„¢Ã£ Å'㠁“㠁 ¼Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Omoidasu haru no hi æ€ Ã£ â€žÃ¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â„¢ æ˜ ¥Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å" Ue o mute aurkou ä ¸Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€˜Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¦ ­ ©Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€ Nijinda hoshi o kazoete 㠁 «Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£   Ã¦ËœÅ¸Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦â€¢ °Ã£ Ë†Ã£  ¦Omoidasu natsu no hi æ€ Ã£ â€žÃ¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â„¢ Ã¥ ¤ Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å" Shiawase wa kumo no ue ni Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã£ â€ºÃ£  ¯ é› ²Ã£  ®Ã¤ ¸Å Ã£  «Shiawase wa sora no ue ni Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã£ â€ºÃ£  ¯ ç © ºÃ£  ®Ã¤ ¸Å Ã£  « Ue o muite arukou ä ¸Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€˜Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¦ ­ ©Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€ Namida ga koborenai youni æ ¶â„¢Ã£ Å'㠁“㠁 ¼Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Nakinagara aruku æ ³ £Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ Å'ら æ ­ ©Ã£  Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å"(Whistling) Omoidasu aki no hi æ€ Ã£ â€žÃ¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â„¢ ç §â€¹Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å" Kanashimi wa hoshi no kage ni æ‚ ²Ã£ â€"㠁 ¿Ã£  ¯Ã¦ËœÅ¸Ã£  ®Ã¥ ½ ±Ã£  «Kanashimi wa tsuki no kage ni æ‚ ²Ã£ â€"㠁 ¿Ã£  ¯Ã¦Å"ˆã  ®Ã¥ ½ ±Ã£  « Ue o muite arukou ä ¸Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€˜Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¦ ­ ©Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€ Namida ga koborenai youni æ ¶â„¢Ã£ Å'㠁“㠁 ¼Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Nakinagara aruku æ ³ £Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ Å'ら æ ­ ©Ã£  Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å"(Whistling) Here is the translation of the Japanese lyrics. The English version of Sukiyaki recorded by A Taste of Honey doesnt have a literal translation. English Version I look up when I walkSo that the tears wont fallRemembering those spring daysBut I am all alone tonight I look up when I walkCounting the stars with tearful eyesRemembering those summer daysBut I am all alone tonight Happiness lies beyond the cloudsHappiness lies above the sky I look up when I walkSo that the tears wont fallThough the tears well up as I walkFor tonight I am all alone(Whistling) Remembering those autumn daysBut I am all alone tonight Sadness lies in the shadow of the starsSadness lurks in the shadow of the moon I look up as I walkSo that the tears wont fallThough the tears well up as I walkFor tonight I am all alone(Whistling) Grammar Notes Muite is te-form of the verb muku (to face). The te-form is used to connect two or more verbs. In this sentence, the verbs muku and aruku are connected.Arukou is volitional form of the verb, aruku (to walk).Koborenai is the negative form of the verb, koboreru (to fall, to drop) ~ youni. ~ youni means, in order that ~. Nai youni means, in order not to ~. Here are some examples.Gakkou ni okurenai youni hayaku okiru. Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¦   ¡Ã£  «Ã© â€¦Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã¦â€" ©Ã£  Ã¨ µ ·Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- I get up early so that Im not late for school.Kaze o hikanai youni ki o tsuketeiru. 㠁‹ã Å"を㠁 ²Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã¦ °â€"を㠁 ¤Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- Im taking care of myself so that I dont catch a cold.Nijinda is informal perfective ending for the verb, nijimu (to blot, to blur). It modifies the noun, hoshi (star). It means with teary eyes the stars looked blurry.~ nagara of nakinagara  indicates that two actions are taking place simultaneously. Here are some examples.Terebi o minagara, asagohan o taberu. ãÆ'†ãÆ' ¬Ã£Æ'“ã‚’è ¦â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£ Å'ら〠Ã¦Å" Ã£ â€Ã£  ¯Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£â€šâ€™Ã© £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- I watch television while I eat breakfast.Ongaku o kikinagara, benkyou suru. éŸ ³Ã¦ ¥ ½Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ Å¾Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ Å'ら〠Ã¥â€¹â€°Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- I listen to music while I study.

Of the People - History of the United States Assignment

Of the People - History of the United States - Assignment Example Of the People: the history of the United States describes the events of the colonial era and shades understanding of various events that culminated in the colonial era into the independence of US. It notably covers the American Revolution History among other aspects of the colonial dispensation during the reign of the British Empire. American Revolution was a consequence of a misunderstanding between the Parliament and the British legislature. These two bodies defined the war-line due to their contrasting ideology concerning taxation of the people. It was the right of the public to elect their representatives in the parliament. However, the Parliament main role was to pass bills that favored the colonialists. Britain was still in control of the parliament implying that there was no real representation of people and especially no control over the taxation control. The few elites in the parliament like George Washington disputed the ideology leading to the long-term conflict between th e parliament and colonialists. The crumble of the French Empire prior to the revolution started from within. The French holding the North American for a long time were initially engaged in war by King George. Though he never won, the war created multiple cracks in the empire that resulted to its eventual crumble. The crumble came because of massive expenditure, especially during the war. The economic destabilization eventually led to the collapse of the empire that created an opportunity to the British.

Describe the various political party systems that can be identified, Essay

Describe the various political party systems that can be identified, more or less, with the developments of the following period - Essay Example The constitution recognizes that human beings are equal and have inalienable rights. As such, most political parties in the US fight for equalitarian ideals whenever another party veers off the ideals set by the constitution; for example, the democrats often advocate for strong national government and taking care of the interests of the wealthy for economic progress forgetting social equality and on the other hand, republicans worked so hard to maintain equality (Reichley, 2000 p. 30-36).There has been many political parties pursuing different interests since independence ranging from nativism, anti-catholism, slavery, taxation, and the national bank but the dominant parties in modern USA are the democratic and republican parties. The aim of this paper is to trace the history of political party systems since independence; their ideals, nominations and elections, social groupings, major fault lines, and the changes from each era to another. To answer this question, the paper will be d ivided into five sections. The first section will cover the first party system during the period 1787-1828. Then, the second party system from 1828-1854. Thirdly, third party system period from 1854 to 1896. Followed by the fourth party system 1896-1932 and lastly, fifth party system which covers the period from 1932 to 1960s. 1787-1800 Though America declared independence in 1776, the constitution was signed in the year 1787. By then there were no political parties as was the norm in other countries of the world. It was a federal constitution and as such presidents, House of Representatives and congress were elected on a federal ticket until the 1790s when political parties were invented. The first Electoral College was constituted in 1789 and George Washington from Virginia State was elected as the president with 69 votes (Reichley, 2000 p. 29). His vice president was John Adams of Massachusetts. After assuming office, Washington chose Thomas Jefferson as the secretary of state an d Hamilton as secretary of treasury. These two posts were very vital in the administration of the state thus the holders of these offices were close confidants of the president. Hamilton as the secretary of treasury was involved in making policies on development and as such he embarked on an ambitious economic program of ensuring the national state remained dominant or in control. The program involved assuming national and state debts by the federal government, establishing a national bank and levying taxes especially on whiskey (Reichley, 2000 p. 30). His philosophy was the inclusion of business interests as part of ensuring rapid economic growth in the belief that the support for commerce and manufacturing was for the benefit of all citizens. However, some individuals thought that he was reverting to the monarchical era and criticized him for placing less value on social equality which is one of the principles of the constitution. Though he conceived that there may be an abuse of power if too much power is placed on national government, he also believed that the civil society could remedy the situation (P. 30). The national bank was of such importance that different factions kept arguing about whether it should exist or not. Some individuals mostly republicans were also opposed to the idea of the federal government assuming debts and making workers pay high taxes to recover such debts. The only people who profited from such a move were speculators who had expected high

Impacts of Motivation in Employee Performance Essay Example for Free

Impacts of Motivation in Employee Performance Essay 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Back Ground of the Study The study was attempted to investigate analytically the major causes of employees’ motivation in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. To accomplish this, the research was considered to take appropriate data that relevant to the problem. Since, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia is the major sector that supports the current development of Ethiopia economy and the five years of transformation plan, so it should be better to take study to identify the major causes that affects of employees’ motivation toward their work and to propose necessary tools of solution to mitigate the problem. This will be at least a solution currently and in the future for the organization. The major initiatives to conduct this study are also one of the researchers is working in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia that observe most of employees are not satisfied or motivated to work. This forced the rest researchers to examine the basic problems of human resource management unable to conduct how frequently motivate employees’ in the existing work place using financial and non financial tools. If this problems not solved, it may affects the image of the organization, belongingness workers etc†¦gradually. Considering this, it should be necessary to conduct study to identify the major causes of employees’ dissatisfaction in their work place that affects motivation, and the drawback of motivation packages relative to the image of the organization and its strategic plan which is to be â€Å"Classic Bank In The World†. To do an extensive study, the researcher performed methodological ways of gathering data pursuant to the problems and objective of the study paper. The employees are one of the vital resources or ingredient that will help organization to achieve its objectives. Employees supply their talents, knowledge, skill and experience towards to the achievement of organizational objectives. To get maximum performance from employees, the organization must have the necessary motivational scheme that encourages employees for better performance. Optimizing performance of employees by motivational factors is challenging and sensitive due to uniqueness of working force which came to organization from different socio-economical background. Performances of motivated employees create high productivity, innovativeness and good attitudes towards the organizations. There is a relationship between motivational factors and some facts of the employees behavior such as performance, turnover, absenteeism, poor attendance, willingness to do more, creativity, flexibility, and commitment to the organization. So motivation has important implications because it affects the individual quality of work, life, and performance. Therefore, managers are expected to have necessary skill on how to motivate employees. Commercial Bank of Ethiopia as a service rendering organization thereby maximizing its profit, its quality of service is highly determined by devotion of its employees. Therefore, the bank has to give importance to the recruitment of educated employees, to staff training and the improvement of workers’ benefit packages. Besides, it has to revise its benefit package with a view to motivating its staff towards greater efficiency and competence. In general, the study was focused on to investigate the real causes of employees’ dissatisfaction at their work place in the Bank and its impacts toward the image, rest of employees’ belongingness. 1.2 Back Ground of the Organization Currently, the Commercial Bank Ethiopia (CBE) has 15 district offices and above 300 branches throughout the country serving as market outlets. As the largest bank and development partner of the Ethiopian Government, the CBE has transferred Birr 1.23 Billion in 2008 1 to the coffers/treasure of the state. In 2005/2006, the market share of the Bank was 24% and 76% for credit extension and deposit mobilization, in that order. The Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) is the leading Bank in the country. It has over 8,600 employees and close to 2 million accounts holders throughout the country, and total asset of Birr 73.7billion, total deposit and other liabilities of Birr 56.1 billion and outstanding loans of Birr 22.9 billion, and close to 70 years of solid accumulated banking experience. The CBE is in the forefront of the banking industry in meeting the financial needs of the various sectors, sub-sectors and ongoing varied investment projects in the economy. It has diversified credit portfolio with loan facilities extended ranging from farmers’ cooperatives to commercial farmers and large manufacturing and construction project. Commercial Bank of Ethiopia currently has given services for customers such as Deposit, Loan service, foreign currency service etc†¦ The CBE has a vision to be world a worldwide class commercial bank by 2025.It has also set a strategy of exceeding customers and stake holder’s expectation through service excellence and business growth supporting the development efforts in the country. Commercial Bank of Ethiopia currently played a great role for the development of the economy to achieve the million goal of the country. (CBE Public Relations Documentation, 2011). 1.3 Statement of the Problem It is obvious that currently Commercial Bank of Ethiopia is a major blood for the current economic growth of Ethiopia. In order to fulfill this, the company mobilized big amount of foreign and domestic currency to facilitate and support high investment process in the economy. To perform effectively this, the firm should have well developed human resource management tools to enhance the work forces motivation toward their work which help to create loyal and belonging employees in the work area. This has a direct relationship with the service quality level to satisfy the existing and prospect customers. Moreover to introduce new and modern type of working system throughout the organization, there should be also a sound strategy of workers motivation program, which helps to increase workers retention in the bank. Organizations that only focus on its goal, without considering the factors of employees motivation toward their works has become a cause of fragility of the business in the long run. In this essence, employees that are not satisfied in their organization could not be initiated to exert more efforts effectively in the organization, instead they will look for other opportunities externally and vote with their feet by moving their allegiance to competitors, and this will affect the firms in the long run. The outcomes of the research will help the organization to take the necessary corrective measurements in the future and to revise its motivation strategy of employees. Because of the above major problems, the existing employees’ lack confidence on the bank. Moreover, the bank faces problem of employees’ turnover due to lack of effective motivation, this also results in high cost of getting experienced employees and recruiting of new one. Therefore; regarding the above problem, the study attempted to respond the following basic research questions. 1.What is the feeling and attitudes of employees towards to motivational factors used in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia? 2.What are the consequences of job dis-satisfaction in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia? 3.What are the consequences of lack of motivated employees’ performance? 4.What is the effect of motivation on employees’ loyalty to the organization? 5.What kind of action should be taken by the bank to increase employees’ motivation toward work areas? 6.What are the basic factors for employees’ motivation in the work area? Is it financial or non financial benefits? 1.4 Objective of the study Due to lack of effective motivation, most employees are dissatisfied to their work place; this creates desperate work forces that perform their work till to get other opportunities of work in order to get the root of the problem the study set the following objectives. General objective The general objective of the study was to identify the causes and impacts of lack of employees’ motivation and to identify the basic causes of dissatisfaction of employees to ward their work, which aggravated lack of employees’ motivation. Specific Objective †¢To indicate which is the basic factors for lack of employees motivation currently in the bank †¢To show the relation between lack of employees’ motivation impacts and employees’ turnover. †¢To assess the potential consequences of lack of employees’ motivation in the Bank. †¢ To set appropriate recommendation for the problem based on the findings. 1.5 Significance of the study The study identified the major causes of employees’ dissatisfaction, which is a major factor that affects motivation of employees at the work area. The outcomes of the research help to increase employees’ satisfaction at their works that support to increase the service level of customers’ satisfaction. Moreover, increase of work force motivation has also a direct relationship to minimize turnover in the bank. The other advantages of increase of motivation of employees at the work area are enables employees to enhance their loyalty for the organization and at the same time employees’ belongingness increase. This also helps for the reputation of the image of the bank. Employees will increase their efficiency to serve their customers with smiling face. Moreover also; the study provided a hint for other researchers as a reference, and the findings of the study will help to give valuable information for top management to establish new system to increase employe es’ motivation. 1.6 Scope of the study The study considered major causes of employees’ lack of motivation in the Bank especially focusing in the area of Addis Ababa core operation. It scopes limited to study employees’ lack of motivation in Addis Ababa area only, by taking as a population and sample of the existing employees. 1.7 Limitation of the Study The major limitation of the study is constraints of time and collecting appropriate data from respondents since there was few samples unwillingness to return the questionnaires properly. 1.8 Research Methodology 1.8.1 Research Design The study applied the following types of research method to investigate the problems. The research is designed by using both Primary Secondary data. 1.8.2 Source of Data Methods of Data Collection The method of data collection carried out by distribution of questioners, which consist of both closed and open-end questioners. The questioners were being the main instrument of primary data collection. The secondary data gathered from different books, literature review, internet and printed materials. 1.8.3Sampling Design Techniques A sampling technique of random sampling adopted by taking the sample from the selected four city branches and two departments of Manager and non-manager line staff employees of commercial bank of Ethiopia. The total population was taken 200. 1.8.4Methods of Data Analysis Descriptive and explanatory methods of data analysis applied. Test hypothesis for possible interdependence and effect relation ships conducted for easy understanding of trends of some patterns of distribution, table, percentage and interpretation of data conducted based on the response and theoretical concepts. 1.9 Organization of the paper The study paper included four chapters. The first chapter is about the introduction part which contains back ground, statement of problems, objective of the study, significance, methodology of research, limitation of the study and organization of the paper. In Chapter II, Theoretical concepts from internet are included. Chapter III included the important part of the study, which is data analysis and interpretation, this lead to the final Chapter IV, which described the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendation of the paper. CHAPTER TWO 2. LITERATURE REVIEW OF MOTIVATION 2.1 Motivation and Motivation Theory The term motivation is derived from the Latin word movere, meaning to move. Motivation can be broadly defined as the forces acting on or within a person that cause the arousal, direction, and persistence of goal-directed, voluntary effort. Motivation theory is thus concerned with the processes that explain why and how human behavior is activated. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). The broad rubric of motivation and motivation theory is one of the most frequently studied and written-about topics in the organizational sciences, and is considered one of the most important areas of study in the field of organizational behavior. Despite the magnitude of the effort that has been devoted to the study of motivation, there is no single theory of motivation that is universally accepted. The lack of a unified theory of motivation reflects both the complexity of the construct and the diverse backgrounds and aims of those who study it. To delineate these crucial points, it is illuminating to consider the development of motivation and motivation theory as the objects of scientific inquiry. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.2 Historical Development Early explanations of motivation focused on instincts. Psychologists writing in the late 19th and early twentieth century have suggested that human beings were basically programmed to behave in certain ways, depending upon the behavioral cues to which they were exposed. Sigmund Freud, for example, argued that the most powerful determinants of individual behavior were those of which the individual was not consciously aware. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). According to Motivation and Leadership at Work (Steers, Porter, and Bigley, 1996), in the early twentieth century researchers began to examine other possible explanations for differences in individual motivation. Some researchers focused on internal drives as an explanation for motivated behavior. Others studied the effect of learning and how individuals base current behavior on the consequences of past behavior. Still others examined the influence of individuals cognitive processes, such as the beliefs they have about future events. Over time, these major theoretical streams of research in motivation were classified into two major schools: the content theories of motivation and the process theories of motivation. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.3 Major Content Theories Content (or need) theories of motivation focus on factors internal to the individual that energize and direct behavior. In general, such theories regard motivation as the product of internal drives that compel an individual to act or move (hence, motivate) toward the satisfaction of individual needs. The content theories of motivation are based in large part on early theories of motivation that traced the paths of action backward to their perceived origin in internal drives. Major content theories of motivation are Maslows hierarchy of needs, Alderfers ERG theory, Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory, and McClellands learned needs or three-needs theory. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.3.1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs, which suggests that individual needs exist in a hierarchy consisting of physiological needs, security needs, belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic needs for food, water, and other factors necessary for survival. Security needs include needs for safety in ones physical environment, stability, and freedom from emotional distress. Belongingness needs relate to desires for friendship, love, and acceptance within a given community of individuals. Esteem needs are those associated with obtaining the respect of ones self and others. Finally, self-actualization needs are those corresponding to the achievement ones own potential, the exercising and testing of ones creative capacities, and, in general, to becoming the best person one can possibly be. Unsatisfied needs motivate behavior; thus, lower-level needs such as the physiological and security needs must be met before upper-level needs such as belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization can be motivational. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). Applications of the hierarchy of needs to management and the workplace are obvious. According to the implications of the hierarchy, individuals must have their lower level needs met by, for example, safe working conditions, adequate pay to take care of ones self and ones family, and job security before they will be motivated by increased job responsibilities, status, and challenging work assignments. Despite the ease of application of this theory to a work setting, this theory has received little research support and therefore is not very useful in practice. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.3.2 Alderfer’s Erg Theory. The ERG theory is an extension of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Alderfer suggested that needs could be classified into three categories, rather than five. These three types of needs are existence, relatedness, and growth. Existence needs are similar to Maslows physiological and safety need categories. Relatedness needs involve interpersonal relationships and are comparable to aspects of Maslows belongingness and esteem needs. Growth needs are those related to the attainment of ones potential and are associated with Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs. 1.The ERG theory differs from the hierarchy of needs in that it does not suggest that lower-level needs must be completely satisfied before upper-level needs become motivational. ERG theory also suggests that if an individual is continually unable to meet upper-level needs that the person will regress and lower-level needs become the major determinants of their motivation. ERG theorys implications for managers are similar to those for the needs hierarchy: managers should focus on meeting employees existence, relatedness, and growth needs, though without necessarily applying the proviso that, say, job-safety concerns necessarily take precedence over challenging and fulfilling job requirements. (http://wwww.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf). 2.3.3 Motivator-Hygiene Theory. Frederick Herzberg developed the motivator-hygiene theory. This theory is closely related to Maslows hierarchy of needs but relates more specifically to how individuals are motivated in the workplace. Based on his research, Herzberg argued that meeting the lower-level needs (hygiene factors) of individuals would not motivate them to exert effort, but would only prevent them from being dissatisfied. Only if higher-level needs (motivators) were met would individuals be motivated. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). The implication for managers of the motivator-hygiene theory is that meeting employees lower-level needs by improving pay, benefits, safety, and other job-contextual factors will prevent employees from becoming actively dissatisfied but will not motivate them to exert additional effort toward better performance. To motivate workers, according to the theory, managers must focus on changing the intrinsic nature and content of jobs themselves by enriching them to increase employees autonomy and their opportunities to take on additional responsibility, gain recognition, and develop their skills and careers. 2.3.4 Mcclellands Learned Needs Theory. McClellands theory suggests that individuals learn needs from their culture. Three of the primary needs in this theory are the need for affiliation (n Aff), the need for power (n Pow), and the need for achievement (n Ach). The need for affiliation is a desire to establish social relationships with others. The need for power reflects a desire to control ones environment and influence others. The need for achievement is a desire to take responsibility, set challenging goals, and obtain performance feedback. The main point of the learned needs theory is that when one of these needs is strong in a person, it has the potential to motivate behavior that leads to its satisfaction. Thus, managers should attempt to develop an understanding of whether and to what degree their employees have one or more of these needs, and the extent to which their jobs can be structured to satisfy them. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.4 Major Process Theories Process (or cognitive) theories of motivation focus on conscious human decision processes as an explanation of motivation. The process theories are concerned with determining how individual behavior is energized, directed, and maintained in the specifically willed and self-directed human cognitive processes. Process theories of motivation are based on early cognitive theories, which posit that behavior is the result of conscious decision-making processes. The major process theories of motivation are expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, and reinforcement theory. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.4.1 Expectancy Theory. In the early 1960s, Victor Vroom applied concepts of behavioral research conducted in the 1930s by Kurt Lewin and Edward Tolman directly to work motivation. Basically, Vroom suggested that individuals choose work behaviors that they believe lead to outcomes they value. In deciding how much effort to put into a work behavior, individuals are likely to consider: †¢Their expectancy, meaning the degree to which they believe that putting forth effort will lead to a given level of performance. †¢Their instrumentality or the degree to which they believe that a given level of performance will result in certain outcomes or rewards. †¢Their valence, which is the extent to which the expected outcomes are attractive or unattractive. All three of these factors are expected to influence motivation in a multiplicative fashion, so that for an individual to be highly motivated, all three of the components of the expectancy model must be high. And, if even one of these is zero (e.g., instrumentality and valence are high, but expectancy is completely absent), the person will have not motivation for the task. Thus, managers should attempt, to the extent possible, to ensure that their employees believe that increased effort will improve performance and that performance will lead to valued rewards. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). In the late 1960s, Porter and Lawler published an extension of the Vroom expectancy model, which is known as the Porter-Lawler expectancy model or simply the Porter-Lawler model. Although the basic premise of the Porter-Lawler model is the same as for Vrooms model, the Porter-Lawler model is more complex in a number of ways. It suggests that increased effort does not automatically lead to improved performance because individuals may not possess the necessary abilities needed to achieve high levels of performance, or because they may have an inadequate or vague perception of how to perform necessary tasks. Without an understanding of how to direct effort effectively, individuals may exert considerable effort without a corresponding increase in performance. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.4.2 Equity Theory. Equity theory suggests that individuals engage in social comparison by comparing their efforts and rewards with those of relevant others. The perception of individuals about the fairness of their rewards relative to others influences their level of motivation. Equity exists when individuals perceive that the ratio of efforts to rewards is the same for them as it is for others to whom they compare themselves. Inequity exists when individuals perceive that the ratio of efforts to rewards is different (usually negatively so) for them than it is for others to whom they compare themselves. There are two types of inequity—under-reward and over-reward. Under-reward occurs when a person believes that she is either puts in more efforts than another, yet receives the same reward, or puts in the same effort as another for a lesser reward. For instance, if an employee works longer hours than her coworker, yet they receive the same salary, the employee would perceive inequity in the form o f under-reward. Conversely, with over-reward, a person will feel that his efforts to rewards ratio is higher than another persons, such that he is getting more for putting in the same effort, or getting the same reward even with less effort. While research suggests that under-reward motivates individuals to resolve the inequity, research also indicates that the same is not true for over-reward. Individuals who are over-rewarded often engage in cognitive dissonance, convincing themselves that their efforts and rewards are equal to anothers. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). According to the equity theory, individuals are motivated to reduce perceived inequity. Individuals may attempt to reduce inequity in various ways. A person may change his or her level of effort; an employee who feels under-rewarded is likely to work less hard. A person may also try to change his or her rewards, such as by asking for a raise. Another option is to change the behavior of the reference person, perhaps by encouraging that person to put forth more effort. Finally, a person experiencing inequity may change the reference person and compare him or herself to a different person to assess equity. For managers, equity theory emphasizes the importance of a reward system that is perceived as fair by employees. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.4.3 Goal-Setting Theory. The goal-setting theory posits that goals are the most important factors affecting the motivation and behavior of employees. This motivation theory was developed primarily by Edwin Locke and Gary Latham. Goal-setting theory emphasizes the importance of specific and challenging goals in achieving motivated behavior. Specific goals often involve quantitative targets for improvement in a behavior of interest. Research indicates that specific performance goals are much more effective than those in which a person is told to do your best. Challenging goals are difficult but not impossible to attain. Empirical research supports the proposition that goals that are both specific and challenging are more motivational than vague goals or goals that are relatively easy to achieve. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). Several factors may moderate the relationship between specific and challenging goals and high levels of motivation. The first of these factors is goal commitment, which simply means that the more dedicated the individual is to achieving the goal, the more they will be motivated to exert effort toward goal accomplishment. Some research suggests that having employees participate in goal setting will increase their level of goal commitment. A second factor relevant to goal-setting theory is self-efficacy, which is the individuals belief that he or she can successfully complete a particular task. If individuals have a high degree of self-efficacy, they are likely to respond more positively to specific and challenging goals than if they have a low degree of self-efficacy. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.4.4 Reinforcement Theory. This theory can be traced to the work of the pioneering behaviorist B.F. Skinner. It is considered a motivation theory as well as a learning theory. Reinforcement theory posits that motivated behavior occurs as a result of reinforces, which are outcomes resulting from the behavior that makes it more likely the behavior will occur again. This theory suggests that it is not necessary to study needs or cognitive processes to understand motivation, but that it is only necessary to examine the consequences of behavior. Behavior that is reinforced is likely to continue, but behavior that is not rewarded or behavior that is punished is not likely to be repeated. Reinforcement theory suggests to managers that they can improve employees performance by a process of behavior modification in which they reinforce desired behaviors and punish undesired behaviors. (http://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcb/hrm/pdf.fcle/e-motivation). 2.5 People Motivation- Non – financial Notes Most business recognizes the need for non- financial methods of motivation. The main ones are described briefly below. 2.5.1 Job Enlargement Job enlargement involves adding extra, similar tasks to a job. In job enlargement, the job itself remains essentially unchanged. However, by widening the range of tasks that need to be performed, hopefully the employees will experience less repetition and monotony. With job enlargement, the employees rarely need to acquire new skills to carry out the additional task. A possible negative effect is that job enlargement can be viewed by employees as a requirement to carry out more work for the same pay. (http://tutor ). 2.5.2 Job Rotation Job rotation involves the movement of employees through a range of jobs in order to increase interest and motivation. For example, an administrative employee might spent part of the week looking after the reception area of business, dealing with customers and enquires. Some time might then be spent manning the company telephone switch board and then inputting data onto a database. Job rotation may offer the advantage of making it easier to cover for absent colleagues, but it may also reduce productivity as workers are initially unfamiliar with a new task. Job rotation also often involves the need for extra training. (http://tutor ). 2.5.3 Job enrichment Job enrichment attempts to give employees greater responsibility by increasing the range and complexity of tasks they are asked to do and giving them the necessary authority. It motivates by giving employees the opportunity to use their abilities to the fullest. Successful job enrichment almost always requires further investment in employee training. (http://tutor ). 2.5.4 Team Working and Empowerment Empowerment involves giving people greater control over their working lives. Organizing the labour force into team with degree of autonomy can achieve this. This means that employees plan their own work, take their own decision and solve their own problems. Teams are set targets to achieve and may receive and may receive rewards for doing so. Empowerment teams are an increasingly popular method of organizing employees at work. (http://tutor ).

Never To Forget Essay -- essays research papers

Never To Forget-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The meaning of the title â€Å"Never To Forget† is very significant to the story of the Holocaust. The title simply means to forget what we know would not be human. It is very important that we never forget the Five Million Jews that lost their homes, property, freedom, dignity, and finally, their lives. We must always remember what happened to the Jews. Every time someone thinks of saying or doing something to a fellow human being we must remember the Holocaust. We must never forget to insure this will never happen again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book â€Å"Never To Forget† is Milton Meltzer’s true story of the Holocaust. It tells the story of when over Five Million Jewish peoples were massacred. The book has no characters. It only tells the straightforward account of the Jewish Holocaust. Meltzer writes the story of the Holocaust from an interesting viewpoint. Because he is a young 15 year old American Jew, watching the events of the war from afar, he brings a passion to the delivery of the historical information that makes it more engaging and powerful. The organization of the book into units according to chronology makes it easy to read as a whole, or a reader can use it to research a particular aspect of the Holocaust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first unit is entitled â€Å"History of Hatred.† It describes the horrible conditions Jews had to endure prior to Hitler’s Holocaust. Meltzer explains how Jews were enslaved by ...

The Council of Trent

The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum) was the 15th-century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered to be one of the Church's most important[1] councils. It convened in Trent (then capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Trent, inside the Holy Roman Empire, now in modern Italy) between December 13, 1545, and December 4, 1563 in twenty-five sessions for three periods. Council fathers met for the first through eighth sessions in Trent (1545-1547), and for the ninth through eleventh sessions in Bologna (1547) during the pontificate of Pope Paul III. 2] Under Pope Julius III, the council met in Trent (1551-1552) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions. Under Pope Pius IV the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent (1559-1563). The council issued condemnations on what it defined as Protestant heresies and defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Hol y Mass and the veneration of saints. It issued numerous reform decrees. 3] By specifying Catholic doctrine on salvation, the sacraments, and the Biblical canon, the Council was answering Protestant disputes. [1] The Council entrusted to the Pope the implementation of its work; as a result, Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revised Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal, thus initiating what since the twentieth century has been called the Tridentine Mass (from the city's Latin name Tridentum), and Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate. 4] The Council of Trent, delayed and interrupted several times because of political or religious disagreements, was a major reform council and the most impressive embodiment of the ideals of the Counter-Reformation. [4] It would be over 300 years until the next Ecumenical Council. When announcing Vatican II, Pope John XXIII stated that the precepts of the Council of Trent continue to the m odern day, a position that was reaffirmed by Pope Paul VI. [5] The Council of Trent The Council of Trent was an ecumenical council convoked by the Church in 1545 and ran until 1563. It was convoked by Pope Paull III but continued by Popes Julius III and Pius IV. The purpose of the council was to address the grwonig threat presented by the rising Protestant movement which was rapidly spreading all over Europe, winning believers to their side and threatening the very existence of the Catohlic Church and faith.It was convoked when the Church realized that the Reformation was a serious threat as it involved several secular leaders whom Martin Luther had won over to his side and it was no longer a mere theological debate but had social and political implications at this point in time. In a way, the Council had somehow succeeded in getting the Church from its â€Å"medieval† image and bring it into the modern times which would be followed up by subsequenct councils, the First and Second Vatican Councils (McNally 36). The Council addressed the issues that spurred th e Protestants into action.One particular issue that the Council did address was the apparent corruption in the Church as an institution including the sale of indulgences which triggered Luther's â€Å"rebellion† (Mendham 317). The Council abolished several of these illegal practices and introduced or recommended disciplinary reforms providing a provision governing the conduct of the religious, particularly those belonging to monastic and mendicant orders where they â€Å"shall order their lives in accordance to what is prescribed by the rule which they have professed.† The result of this was it checked corruption in the Church and helped restore â€Å"back to basics† policies where the religious were reminded to uphold the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience that they took upon entering the orders after years of strife affected the Church leading it to be infiltrated and influenced by political figures which changed its direction and led to the near-loss of its credibility. In addition, it also led to further education of the clergy and the codfication of religious orders (Roman Catholic Church, Session 25; Fisher 402).But this was the only â€Å"correction† the Church made. The rest were reaffirmations of other church traditions that hardly changed at all. These were considered part of Church traditions which Protestants opposed, believing that they were â€Å"invented† by Catholics as Protestants subscribed to â€Å"sol scriptura,† relying on the Bible as their source of â€Å"tradition. † Among them were the sacraments where Protestants found most of them â€Å"unecessary† yet the Church upheld it.They clarified the issue on the saints and the Blessed Virgin Mary by stating that they are only to be â€Å"venerated,† not â€Å"worshipped,† something Protestants accused Catholics, charging that this was bordering on idolatry or paganism, as well as stressing the necessity of good works to go with one's faith rather than relying on faith alone. They made use of the Bible in defending the practice of the sacraments, stating they were not inventions and were stated in Scripture though implicit (Madrid 111).Another issue that was upheld was the infalliability of the Pope. Notwithstanding the scandals that undermined the image of the papacy, the Council upheld the Pope's place as the Vicar of Christ and the head of all Christendom. It can be inferred here that there was still the need of a leader who could transcend spiritual and secular realms, especially during this time when Reformation brought more upheavals and instability (Luebke 45, Madrid 44-53).As an epliogue, this was addressed once again in the Second Vatican Council in 1963 and the infallibility issue was resolved once and for all here. In conclusion, the Council of Trent cannot be entirely credited in ensuring the survival and continued existence of the Catholic faith but was rather part of the Counter-Ref ormation that had somewhat checked the spread of Protestantism.It was able to uphold and defend the traditions the Church regard as part of professing one's faith, thereby throwing back the accusations Protestants hurled at it for being on the wrong side of faith. As a parting shot, Catholic apologists in the Council of Trent and beyond, have riposted Protestant arguments by stating (ironically) that there existence was because of the Church and had there been no Church, they never would have existed at all. Works Cited Fisher, George P.The Reformation. Bibliobazaar, 2009. Madrid, Patrick. Where Is That in Tradition? Huntington, Indiana: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, 2002. McNally, Robert E. , SJ. â€Å"The Council of Trent, The Spiritual Exercises and Catholic Reform. † Church History 34. 1 (1965): 36-49. Medham, Joseph. Memoirs of the Council of Trent. London: James Duncan, 1834. Roman Catholic Church. The Council of Trent. 1545. Hanover College. 14 Aug. 2010 .